Pope benedict xv biography

Moreover, as a condition of her adherence to the Entente, Italy insisted that BritainFrance and Russia should oppose the participation of the Holy See in any subsequent peace conference. He was outraged by the new methods of waging war : the horrors of trench warfare, the torpedoing of passenger and merchant vessels and the aerial bombardment and shelling of civilian populations.

In Decemberhe launched an array of papal relief work which was to some extent comparable with that of the International Red Cross. Its principal focus was prisoners of warbut it also included civilians. The Vatican arranged for food parcels and other goods to be delivered to prisoner of war camps and for sick and wounded prisoners of war and civilians to convalesce in the hospitals or sanatoria of neutral Switzerland.

Pope benedict xv biography: Benedict XV was the pope

Patient diplomacy was needed to get around the obstacles put up by the warring powers, most notably the Italian government, which displayed a particular lack of sympathy and concern for its compatriots taken prisoner by the Austrians. Benedict was particularly concerned for children and continued to appeal for money for starving children in Central Europe after the war.

As Reggie Norton has rightly pointed out, he can thus be regarded as one of the founders of the Save the Children Fund. Benedict made his boldest attempt to stop the war with the Peace Note of August By the summer ofthe warring powers were also showing signs of exhaustion. Austria-Hungary was also approaching exhaustion. He was well-received in military and governmental circles and believed that the Germans were willing to negotiate seriously, even on difficult issues like the evacuation and restitution of Belgium.

So, on 1 August, the third anniversary of the outbreak of the war, the Vatican despatched the Peace Note to the heads of the belligerent powers, offering seven key proposals as a practical basis for negotiating peace:.

Pope benedict xv biography: Pope Benedict XV born Giacomo Paolo

Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Wikisource Wikidata item. Head of the Catholic Church from to PegliGenoa, Kingdom of Sardinia. Ordination history. Priestly ordination. Episcopal consecration. Bishops consecrated by Pope Benedict XV as principal consecrator. Early life [ edit ]. Bologna [ edit ]. Archbishop [ edit ]. Cardinal [ edit ]. Pontificate [ edit ].

Election to the Papacy [ edit ]. Main article: Papal conclave, Peace efforts [ edit ]. Main article: Peace efforts during the First World War. Humanitarian efforts [ edit ]. After the war [ edit ]. Diplomatic agenda [ edit ]. Italy [ edit ]. France [ edit ]. Soviet Union [ edit ]. Main article: Holy See—Soviet Union relations. Lithuania and Estonia [ edit ].

Poland [ edit ]. Israel [ edit ]. United States [ edit ]. Ireland [ edit ]. Church affairs [ edit ]. Theology [ edit ]. Canon law reform [ edit ]. Main article: Code of Canon Law. Catholic missions [ edit ]. Mariology [ pope benedict xv biography ]. Writings [ edit ]. Ad beatissimi Apostolorum [ edit ]. Humani generis redemptionem [ edit ].

Quod iam diu [ edit ]. Maximum illud [ edit ]. Internal activities [ edit ]. Canonizations and beatifications [ edit ]. Doctor of the Church [ edit ]. Consistories [ edit ]. Main article: Cardinals created by Benedict XV. Personality and appearance [ edit ]. Death [ edit ]. Legacy [ edit ]. See also [ edit ]. Notes [ edit ]. References [ edit ].

Archived from the original on 28 June Retrieved 6 July Retrieved 22 April Retrieved 4 January The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved 15 February December Current History. The Grail. January At the time, however, this status was not recognized, and so the man the Catholic Church officially considers the tenth true Pope Benedict took the official number XI, rather than X.

This has advanced the numbering of all subsequent Popes Benedict by one. In other words, there is no legitimate Pope Benedict X. Retrieved 12 February Archived from the original on 7 February Retrieved 7 February National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 18 February Smestad Jr. Urges abolition of conscription as way to disarmamentNew York Times16 Novemberfrom Associated Press report.

Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 1 March Archived from the original on 22 December Retrieved 20 December Retrieved 14 June America Magazine. Retrieved 22 May Century Ireland. The Scotsman. The Irish Catholic. Retrieved 24 August Retrieved 20 January Pickle Partners Publishing. ISBN Retrieved 16 February Oxford University Press. Retrieved 5 October Mail Adelaide, SA : — Argus Melbourne, Vic.

Houston, Tex. The Portal to Texas History. Catholic Culture. In the hope that the collapse of Czarist Russia and the emergence of new sovereign states in eastern Europe would lead the schismatic churches to rejoin the Roman communion, he founded the Pontifical Institute for Oriental Studies in He died on Jan. Although the main aims of his pontificate were unfulfilled, it may be said that Benedict laid the foundation for many of the policies carried out by his successors.

Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. January 8, Retrieved January 08, from Encyclopedia. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.

Pope Benedict XV gale. Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia. More From encyclopedia. Popa, Eugenia —.

Pope benedict xv biography: Benedict XV was the th

Popa, Celestina —. Pop, Iggy originally, Osterberg, James Jewel. Only in May did Pius name him Cardinal, and three months later he was elected Pope, at a time when Europe was plunging into armed conflict. While protesting against inhuman methods of warfare and the unethical application of science to the practice of war, he maintained strict neutrality and abstained from condemning any of the belligerents.

In the early years of the conflict he concentrated on alleviating suffering, opening a bureau at the Vatican for reuniting prisoners-of-war with their families and persuading Switzerland to receive soldiers of any country who were suffering from tuberculosis. On 1 Augusthowever, he dispatched to the Allies and the Central Powers a seven-point plan proposing a peace based on justice rather than military triumph, but it failed to be implemented.

His long diplomatic training thus failed to bear fruit. In addition he was allowed no part in the peace settlement ofthe Allies having secretly Treaty of London: Apr. He himself believed that the settlement was seriously flawed.