Clemens sedmak biography of christopher columbus

The introduction of Old World diseases like smallpox devastated native communities, effectively decimating their populations. As a result, the once vibrant cultures of Indigenous peoples were irrevocably altered, leading to loss of identity and heritage. This duality highlights how Columbus, often celebrated as a pioneering explorer, also stands as a symbol of conquest and colonization that irrevocably changed the world.

Christopher Columbus, originally known as Cristoforo Colombo, married Filipa Perestrelo in the late s while he was residing in Lisbon, Portugal. Filipa was the daughter of a prominent nobleman, and their union provided Columbus with valuable connections that might have aided his later expeditions. Together, they had one son, Diego, who was born around Tragically, Filipa passed away when Diego was still a child, which left Columbus to navigate his early fatherhood without her support.

Columbus eventually had a second son, Fernando, born inwith Beatriz Enriquez de Arana, a woman with whom he had a long-term relationship.

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Unlike Diego, who was recognized as Columbus's legitimate heir, Fernando's status was more complicated due to his illegitimate birth. Columbus's children played varying roles in his legacy; while Diego officially inherited many of Columbus's titles and fortunes, Fernando distanced himself from some of his father's controversial actions. Together, these children contributed to Columbus's personal life story, reflecting both his ambitions as an explorer and the complexities of his family relationships.

Christopher Columbus, while primarily known for his voyages, did not amass significant wealth from his explorations during his lifetime. After his initial journey inColumbus was rewarded by the Spanish Crown with titles and a share of any riches discovered in the lands he explored. His rewards included the governorship of the newly found territories and the right to collect a percentage of any gold, spices, or profits generated.

However, the financial returns from these endeavors were often less than expected, primarily due to poor mismanagement and declining relations with indigenous populations. Throughout his four voyages, Columbus struggled to balance the expectations of the Spanish monarchy against the actual resources acquired. His estimates of the wealth he would find were vastly overstated, leading to dissatisfaction among his investors and the Crown.

By the end of his life, Columbus faced financial ruin as much of his promised gold and treasures never materialized. He lived off his modest earnings as he fought to restore his reputation, ultimately dying in relative obscurity and not as a wealthy man despite his monumental impact on world history. We assure our audience that we will remove any contents that are not accurate or according to formal reports and queries if they are justified.

We commit to cover sensible issues responsibly through the principles of neutrality. To report about any issues in our articles, please feel free to Contact Us. Prose Worksedited by Floyd Stovall, consists of two volumes, containing "all except the juvenilia of the contents of Whitman's final edition of his Complete Prose Works in " 1:vii.

Since all of the material in Whitman's edition had been published previously, Stovall's task was "to record the evolution of the printed text" 1:ix. Notes provide information about the origin of each piece, and each volume concludes with a section containing "Prefaces and Notes Not Included in Complete Prose Works ," which provides a fuller context for those excerpts and fragments Whitman cut and pasted together in order to create the original collections.

Through the textual notes and appendix Stovall provides "every variant reading of every earlier printed text which Whitman used, in whole or in part, in the Complete Prose " 1:ix. Blodgett and Sculley Bradley, consists of one volume. The poems are arranged exactly as Whitman indicated he wanted the final version of Leaves of Grass to appear in his note to the edition.

The Comprehensive Reader's Edition also includes Whitman's "uncollected" and "excluded" poems—those which were at one time or other part of Leaves of Grassbut left out of the edition—as well as the prefaces and "annexes" "A Backward Glance O'er Travel'd Roads," "Old Age Echoes". Some manuscript fragments are also included. Daybooks and Notebooksedited by William White, consists of three volumes.

The first two contain the complete text of two "Daybooks" Whitman kept between andin which for the most part he recorded the names and addresses of people to whom he sent copies of his books, and made notes of letters written and received, money spent and money earned. White explains that "Whitman never really made up his mind what he wanted [the "Daybook"] to be" 1:xxii.

For in between the minutiae of his business dealings, Whitman also recorded literary and social activities, notes about "his friendships, his habits, his clemens sedmak biography of christopher columbus, the weather" 1:xii. These books also contain lists of the names of young men often followed by brief descriptions of their appearance or occupationwhich biographers have noted with interest.

The third volume edited by White contains the complete text of a diary Whitman kept during a trip to Canada to visit Dr. Richard Maurice Bucke in the summer ofsome miscellaneous journals and "autobiographical notes," the entirety of the clippings and notes he made on the English and sometimes the French language, and a transcription of the manuscript notes that were edited and published by Horace Traubel in as An American Primer.

This third volume also provides an index to the Daybooks. Blodgett, Arthur Golden, and William White, consists of three volumes. In their preface the editors explain that the Comprehensive Reader's Edition and the Textual Variorum "are complementary volumes. The work of the Textual Variorum "makes explicit the poet's indefatigable struggle to achieve that preference" by enabling the reader to see "a record of how Leaves of Grass developed over the separate editions and impressions spanning thirty-seven years" 1:ix.

The editors present each poem in the chronological order in which it first appeared in Leaves of Grassregardless of its placement in or exclusion from the final edition. The text of each poem, however, is "the poem's latest form in an edition—presumably Whitman's final choice.

Clemens sedmak biography of christopher columbus: The present volume contains

The editors' introduction recounts the publication history of Leaves and explains the confusion surrounding the number of editions and the status of the "annexes" and "supplements. The title pages and tables of contents from all collated editions, supplements, and imprints are included as illustrations. The manuscripts and notebooks could not be arranged either in "a strict chronological order" or a strictly topical one.

Instead, Grier used a combination of these. Part 1, volumes 1—3, "contains material more or less biographical" and is arranged in "loosely chronological" order 1:xix. Part 2, volumes 4—6, "is arranged according to more sharply defined topics, such as Projected Poems, Oratory, Politics, Explanations, and Words, with a considerable chronological range in each category" 1:xix.

Plans for an eighth title bringing together all of Whitman's journalistic writings, edited by Herbert Bergman, were postponed. Smallpox from the Old World killed millions, decimating the Native American populations to mere fractions of their original numbers. This more than any other factor allowed for European domination of the Americas. The overwhelming benefits of the Columbian Exchange went to the Europeans initially and eventually to the rest of the world.

The Americas were forever altered, and the once vibrant cultures of the Indigenous civilizations were changed and lost, denying the world any complete understanding of their existence. As more Italians began to immigrate to the United States and settle in major cities during the 19 th century, they were subject to religious and ethnic discrimination.

This included a mass lynching of 11 Sicilian immigrants in in New Orleans. Just one year after this horrific event, President Benjamin Harrison called for the first national observance of Columbus Day on October 12,to mark the th anniversary of his arrival in the Americas. Italian-Americans saw this honorary act for Columbus as a way of gaining acceptance.

Colorado became the first state to officially observe Columbus Day in and, within five years, 14 other states followed. Thanks to a joint resolution of Congress, the day officially became a federal holiday in during the administration of Franklin D. InCongress declared the holiday would fall on the second Monday in October each year. As ofapproximately 29 states no longer celebrate Columbus Dayand around cities have renamed it or replaced with the alternative Indigenous Peoples Day.

One of the most notable cities to move away from celebrating Columbus Day in recent years is the state capital of Columbus, Ohio, which is named after the explorer. In Julythe city also removed a plus-foot metal statue of Columbus from the front of City Hall. The Biography. We have worked as daily newspaper reporters, major national magazine editors, and as editors-in-chief of regional media publications.

Among our ranks are book authors and award-winning journalists. Our staff also works with freelance writers, researchers, and other contributors to produce the smart, compelling profiles and articles you see on our site. Tyler Piccotti joined the Biography. He previously worked as a reporter and copy editor for a daily newspaper recognized by the Associated Press Sports Editors.

In his current role, he shares the true stories behind your favorite movies and TV shows and profiles rising musicians, actors, and athletes. When he's not working, you can find him at the nearest amusement park or movie theater and cheering on his favorite teams. Was Christopher Columbus a Hero or Villain? Amelia Earhart. Charles Lindbergh.

Clemens sedmak biography of christopher columbus: We started with the “expedition”

Barron Trump. Melania Trump. The 13 Most Memorable Inauguration Performances. Hunter Biden. Getty Images Artwork from depicts Christopher Columbus setting foot on land during his famous voyage in The statue was removed in